Every figure published on Tokyo Closing Bell comes from a primary or near-primary source and passes automated verification before it reaches an article. This page documents the full chain.
Data sources
- Nikkei 225 — official daily closing values published by Nikkei Inc., the index calculator itself, cross-checked against independent market-data feeds.
- TOPIX — tracked via the TOPIX ETF (1306.T) as a same-day proxy.
- Short-selling statistics — the Tokyo Stock Exchange’s official daily short-selling report (Japan Exchange Group), parsed directly from the source PDF published after each session.
- Weekly investor flows — JPX’s official “Trading by Type of Investors” weekly statistics (TSE Prime), parsed from the source spreadsheet. These are weekly figures released on a lag, and are always labeled with the week they cover.
- Individual stocks and FX — exchange-listed prices for major large caps (Toyota, Sony, Tokyo Electron, SoftBank Group, and others) and USD/JPY.
Verification — three independent checks
- Primary-source preference. Where two sources disagree, the official publisher’s figure (Nikkei Inc., JPX) always wins, and the discrepancy is flagged internally.
- Cross-validation. The Nikkei close is fetched from two independent channels and compared to within 0.1% before use.
- Arithmetic self-checks. Parsed statistics must reconcile internally — short-selling components must sum to total turnover, and computed net flows must match the official balance column in the source file. Any figure that fails these checks is discarded rather than published.
Timing and labeling
Daily briefings are published after the Tokyo close (15:30 JST). Data released on a lag — such as weekly investor flows — is explicitly labeled with its reference period so readers never mistake last week’s flows for today’s.
What we do not do
We do not forecast prices, recommend securities, or provide investment advice. All content is informational reporting of publicly available market data.